What is internet
What is internet? The full form of Internet is International Network. It is a global structure of interconnected computer networks. It exchanges data through packet switching using TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocol. It is a network of networks that extends millions of public and private educational, industrial and government networks all over the world. These are interconnected with copper wires, fiber optic cables, wireless connections and other technologies. Almost all the networks of the world are connected to the Internet.
Internet is a computer-based international information system. It is also called ‘Information Superhighway’. Internet carries various information resources and services such as electronic mail, online chat, online banking, file transfer and sharing, online gaming, interlinked hypertext documents and World Wide Web etc. To connect a computer to the Internet, we have to take the services of an Internet Service Provider, after which the computer is connected to the server of the Internet Service Provider through the telephone line.
Internet service in India was started on 15th August 1995 by Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited. Popular internet service providers in India are VSNL, BSNL, MTNL Mantra Online and Satyam Online etc. These companies have DNS (Domain Name System) servers in many cities of India. DNS server is a computer which translates the domain name of another computer into IP address. At present, internet service is provided by BSNL in two mediums.
1.PSTN- Public switched Telephone Network.
2. ISDNIntegrated Service Digital Network.
Necessary Component of Internet
To use the Internet, you must have the following equipment –
1. Personal Computer (PC)
2. Modem
3. Communication medium
4. Internet software or web browser
5. Internet Service Provider
Modem:
When connecting the internet through telephone line, a modem is required. It is an essential link between the internet browser running on the computer and the internet service provider. Analog signals can be sent on the telephone line while the computer gives digital signals. Therefore, to establish harmony between these two, a modem is required, which converts digital signals into analog and analog into digital signals. It is the short form of modulator. In the modem, it is necessary to have a computer and telephone line connected on both sides. The speed of the modem is measured in BPS (Bits Per second). The available speeds are 9600 BPS, 28800 BPS, 33600 BPS. The speed of connecting to the internet depends on the telephone service. Nowadays the telephone service which uses ISDN is able to connect the modem to the internet at a speed of 128Kbps or higher. Therefore, a modem is a device that converts data into data and transmits them over the telephone line.
Internet Software or Web Browser: Web is like a huge book and web browser is a software which connects the computer to the internet.
Some of the major web browsers are as follows –
1. Netscape Navigator
2. Microsoft Internet Explorer
3. Mozilla Firefox
4. NCSA Mosaic
Using these software we are able to connect to the Internet and get the information of our choice from the Web. Using the Web browser we can go to a specific page or location by typing its address, this address is called URL (Uniform Resource Locator). The URL contains both the tool being used and the Internet address where the information can be found.
Browsing the websites using Web Browser: First of all, open the web browser. If we use Internet Explorer, then select Start>Program>Internet Explorer. When the web browser opens, we automatically start from the home page. Most websites have a main page, home page, which acts as a doorway to the rest of the website pages. We can also choose the home page as per our wish or keep it blank. Now we can open the website we want to visit by typing its URL. As a result, all the services available on that site become available to us. From this page, to go to the previous page, we click the BACK button and to go to the next page, we click the Forward button. But these buttons work only between the pages that we have already opened. By clicking on the HOME button of the toolbar, we can go to the home page at any time or we can open another web page by typing another URL. A website is a group of webpages, images, sound and animation etc. and the name of any website starts with WWW. We bookmark the URL of the site we often use.
Uses of internet
The following are the uses of internet.
1. Search for Information:
There are many sites on the Internet in which literature, movies, shares, music and many other information are available in electronic form. But if we are not able to find them, then there are search tools on the Internet on which we can type them and find out their URL and browse. Like Google, Lycas, Yahoo etc. Cyber 411 is a huge search engine, which gives results from 16 search engines and it works very fast. Khoj is an Indian search engine.
2. Electronic Mail:
This is a widely used internet service which is called e-mail in short. An e-mail address has two parts, user name and domain name. Through this, messages can be sent or received quickly. Each user has his email address and password written in it which is obtained by creating an email account. With the password, the user can maintain the privacy of his email. The subject of the email tells about the subject matter of the message. There is a storage area in the email account which is called mail box. The sent mail goes to the recipient’s mail box, which the recipient opens to receive the message. Graphs, sound, files or photos can be sent with the email, which are called attachments. This reduces the need for postage stamps and saves time spent in sending and receiving messages. The draft folder keeps copies of messages which we initiate or are not ready to send. The originator of email is R. Tomlinson. The founder of the first free email service was Savir Bhatia who started the Hotmail service in June 1996. The major email providing sites in India are www.rediffmail, c om, www.yahoomail.com, www.hotmail.com etc.
3. Chat with other people:
If we like to talk to strangers and make new friends, then the Internet is the best medium. We can talk to a person without knowing his geographical location through a chat program. Under chat, users discuss a topic in written form. Conversation between two or more people using computers connected to the Internet is called chatting.
4. Telnet:
Using the Telnet program, we can connect to another computer and work as if we are sitting near its keyboard. We can work on a distant computer through our computer and use its resources. This is also called remote login.
5. Usenet:
This is a group of people who exchange articles through one or more universally recognized labels (New Groups). Usenet decides the set of groups available to its users. This set varies from site to site.
6. World Wide Web:
World Wide Web and Internet are two different things but both are dependent on each other. World Wide Web is a huge collection of pages containing information which are connected to each other. Which is called web page. Web page is written in HTML language which is a language used in computers. Every page is a combination of text, pictures, sound clips, video clips, animations, and various things. What makes a web page interesting is the hyperlink, which is often called a link. When you point the mouse pointer on the hyperlink, the shape of the pointer becomes like a hand. Every link points to another page and when we click on it, our browser provides the page connected to the link. Therefore, World Wide Web is a huge database of information and every information is connected to each other. To reload a web page, we use the reload button. World Wide Web was developed by Tim Berners Lee in 1989.
7. File Transfer Protocol (FTP):
It is a facility to transfer files between two computers connected over the internet. Using a web browser, we can download files but cannot upload them. FTP application helps us to upload files to a website.
8. E-Commerce:
E-commerce without paper Business is the exchange of information through electronic data interchange. Under e-commerce, purchase or sale of goods or services takes place through electronic systems such as the Internet. This is business on the Internet.
9. Video Conferencing:
It enables to transmit audio and video data to different locations via the Internet and to hold a conference between two or more participants. That is, two or more people can converse via the Internet as if they were face to face. It requires a computer as well as a video camera, microphone and speakers. It works like a video telephone. Voice conversation is also possible through Internet telephony.
10. Online Shopping:
In the process of online shopping, consumers purchase products or services through the internet and the consumer’s demands are fulfilled through the internet.
11. Entertainment:
Internet is used for entertainment It is also used for online games. Like there is an unlimited store of online games, movies, stories, sports, music etc. on the internet.
12. E-learning:
Studying about computers without going to the classroom is called e-learning.
Internet Related Terms:
1. URL(Uniform Resource Locator) :
It is the address of any resource on the internet. It is also a standard way to address a resource. It gives the address of information available on the Internet and also shows the protocol and domain name of that information.
For example, in http://www.yahoo.com, http is the hyper text transfer protocol using which we can visit the website named yahoo.com on the World Wide Web. Bharatiya Janata Party is the first political party in India which created its website on the Internet and the state of Sikkim in India was the first to provide telephone directory on the Internet.
2.TCP/IP(Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol):
This is a set of rules that decide how the Internet works. It makes information transfer and communication possible between two computers.
3. Upload:
Makes it possible to transfer and communicate data from a local computer to a remote computer.
4. Download:
The process of transferring data from a remote computer or server to a local computer, i.e. when we are inserting a copy of a file from another computer or server into our computer using the Internet, is called download.
5. Gateway:
It is a communication device or program that transmits data between two networks with different protocols.
6. IP Address:
IP address is a group of four numbers separated by a dot (.). One part of which is the network address and the other part is the node address. The IP address of every node connected to the network is unique and different.
7.HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol):
This is the Internet’s The amplification level protocol used determines the transmission of the web page.
8. Spam:
Messages or advertisements to people on the Internet Repeatedly sending unwanted messages or advertisements to people’s email boxes that they have not requested is called spam. This is unsolicited and junk email.
9. Domain Name:
A special name that It identifies the internet site. The name after the dot at the end of the URL of any internet website is called the domain name. For example, in http://www.yahoo.com, .com is the domain name. It indicates an organization or country.
10. Flash:
Small application programs that run on web pages and ensure that forms are completed properly and provide animations are called Flash.
11. Surfing:
Surfing is searching and exploring sites according to your choice and requirement through the internet. Through this, you can get almost every information as per your requirement from the internet.
12. Virus:
A virus is a program that gets loaded into our computer system without our knowledge and wish. A virus can replicate itself repeatedly and use up all the available memory, slowing down or completely stopping the system.
Multimedia
Multimedia: People communicate with each other Or we take the help of different mediums to convey any information to each other. These mediums can be the following – audio, video, words etc. Multimedia is to convey your message or information to others using more than one medium. In other words, multimedia is the editing of words, sound graphics and animation together. A multimedia based computer should have all the necessary hardware and software that can be able to do all these tasks simultaneously.
Hardware and software required for a multimedia system
Hardware and Software requirements for
Multimedia system)
1. Graphics Accelerator Card
2. CD ROM Drive
3. Sound Card
4. Microphone and camera
5. Multimedia Software
Uses of Multimedia:
Multimedia is used in the following areas –
1. In providing education and training
2. In business
3. Entertainment
4. In science etc.
Elements of multimedia
Following are the elements of multimedia –
1. Text:
Under this, words are displayed on the screen. It is used to provide information. Words are made attractive and interesting by using special tools such as bold, blink and underline.
2. Pictures:
Good quality pictures are created on the screen by the computer. Pictures are used along with words to explain information to people easily.
3. Movies:
Using multimedia programs Computer can also be used as a television. Family celebrations, movies and educational films etc. can be stored on CDs and watched on the computer.
4. Animation:
This graphics is a group of pictures which are shown one after the other very fast so that they look dynamic like cinema. It is used to make cartoon films for children, video games, films for safe driving by automobile industry etc.
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